Ontela Picdeck Essay Example for Free

Ontela Picdeck EssayOntela PicDeck creative approach to have cellular nodes have the ability to automatically have pictures and videos directly sent to their computer. This reduces time needed and simplifying the energetic act of doing it manually. The U. S mobile phone service industry earned 150 billion dollars in 2007 and growing. This technology has potential of flowing a bureau in that with critiquing the marketing strategy they have approached the market with. It is essential for a better marketing strategy for Ontela to show customers so they can better deduce the benefits and how to efficiently utilize it. The qualitative research segments best defined the customer expectations. Sarah, the parent, loved the fact the pictures just appear on the computer automatically. Steve, the young professional, looked to not unceasingly have to lug around the digital camera. Instead have a phone that can take care of twain jobs. Regina, the teen, expectation exceeded both Steve and Sarah, but still within the abilities of PicDeck. Regina wanted to manage her pictures from her phone and monitor the pictures for her social networking sites. Herzbergs 2-factor theory can be used in this instance. utilize this theory to understand and distinguishing what motivates the purchase while staying relevant. In other words you must keep up with the recent trends akin the social networking wave. These third segments all produce various expectations but all acknowledged the expectations of a simplified and quicker method to transferring pictures. These segments age groups and lifestyles greatly vary so the ancestor to market them must be to a greater extent specified to that target group. The improvement of creating a more knowledgeable customer base will require a critiqued advertize campaign.In the case of Regina, advertising within the social networking programs like Facebook and MySpace. This advertising will catch the attention of these teen and inform them of the product. Specifically beat back the simplicity, timeliness, and how the pictures are still stored even when your cellular device is lost. For the younger generation and phones being a huge commodity, phones are constantly being stolen and lost. If interpreted right, whence the teen will approach their parents to have their plan changed to include PicDeck. Then the parent will be informed and furthering the utterfly effect of a strict advertising scheme to the teenage target customers. This is how Sarah would be notified. Social is a major influence in customer behavior through family, friends, and reference groups. All play as contributors to trusting a buy of a product. Continuously for people who arent very tech savvy like Sarah and Steve they do though always have an email and usually check it frequently. So a mass email to the entire customer base informing them of the new product. Steve would be influenced more by the occupation. Besides using this program for personal us e, Steve would use this for his real estate job.To be successful in a job market like Steves you must influence your work with newer technology so you may keep up with competitors. With PicDeck, work assignments are accomplished more efficiently and precisely, statements like this boost the products equity and what customers like Steve would want to hear. For a product to blossom you must target the younger generation first. With constant technology improvements its hard for the older generation to keep up. The younger generation is constantly working with the new technologies so you inform the younger generation and it will disruption to older generations.Ontela has created an inferior product and now need to raise awareness of the tech advances this product has influenced. The magazine Telephony stated PicDeck to be helping the bridge the gap between phone and PC. Continuous advertising is needed in magazines for the working class people to involve this program into their workp lace. For instance lay an ad in the magazine SkyMall. The magazine you see on every flight youre on. This can target a business class customer base because the individuals who travel most are individuals travelling on business. And this is the only reading material on the plane.

Divorce Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Divorce Research Paper EssayPondering question to draw in reader mooting nigh topic II. What the problem is d. Children do not fall behind their peers in these aras during the potentially disruptive period before their parents divorce, the content revealed. Instead, its after the split that kids seem to cede the most annoyance coping. Include this from Healthday reporter Alan mozes e. What the child olfactory perceptions, they feel its their fault and makes them more upset III. Statistics f. What classes children with divorced parents are struggling in g. Average grades for the kids h. What it does to teens IV. My personal experience i. How my grades were before and after j. What classes I was struggling in k. My personal feelings more or less it V. Conclusion l. Say how parents unfeignedly need to think about how it will affect their child before going through with it. m. My views on the statistics and why it is valid info n.Opinion about parents being more involved i n childrens schoolwork. Christian Startt Mrs. Pantusa English 1 A. P Prep April 26, 2013 Divorce and How It Affects Children Introduction Divorce can be the most inconvenient and hardest long-term problem of a childs life, affecting all parts of his or her life all because of the parents failing marriage. 41% of first marriages end in divorce (Irvin, M), which is a substantial percentage of marriage that has not followed through with their vows and left their kids normality in the dust.Grades, emotions, and innocence all are changed in the process of the divorce, as well as a new set of challenge and problems these kids have to face in everyday life. Divorce isnt just a split between a family, its more of a life changer. As soon as me and my wife Terri divorced, explains Chris Startt, basic life changed heavily. Laundry, cooking dinner everyday, and constantly worrying about my sons grades has really unploughed me busy and stressed. I asked Chris how his sons grades were after his divorce. When me and my ex were still together, Christians grades were outstanding, strait As.But later (a stratum passes) his grades went from strait As to Bs and Cs later on in middle school. According to Healthday reporter Alan Mozes, Children do not fall behind their peers in these areas during the potentially disruptive period before their parents divorce, the study revealed. Instead, its after the split that kids seem to have the most trouble coping. Research suggests that the odds of a divorce occurring in a household before the children become grown rest at about 50% (Ahilburg and DeVita, 1992), with divorce rates beginning to soar in 1963 (Jeynes, 1999).A 60-year literature review of 347 experimental studies confirmed that many studies have concluded that divorce has detrimental consequences for childrens academic achievement (Kunz, 1992). Most research shows that the childs math scores were the whizzs that were mostly affected. Kim found that while a divorce is in progr ess, first, punt and third-graders experience a dip in math test scores a decline that holds steady once the divorce is final. (Mozes) But, at the resembling time reading scores didnt really seem to be changing, as research from (Mozes) shows that however, Kim found that reading scores remain unaffected.When my parents divorced, about 6 years ago, I was 9 years old in 3rd grade and thats when my grades went from strait As, to As and Bs, and then a C here and there. Mathematics really begun to get more and more difficult to concentrate to and the tests were getting harder to understand. Reading, however, was my strength in dewy-eyed school, and it remained un-affected after my parents divorce. Researcher Hyun Sik Kim explains, Reading is not that cumulative. But with math, you must understand previous things to develop. For example, if I do not understand that one plus one is two, then I cannot understand multiplication.Divorce really puts a childs mind in motion. After the divor ce the child may feel like it was his/her fault, causing stress and emotional problems. By this happening, the child will become more stressed by the moving between houses, therefor fashioning it harder to concentrate on schoolwork and thus grades beginning to lower. My personal experiences also help support my argument. Divorce should be decided with caution you have to think about how its going to affect your child and how its going to affect their future.

Arguments Of Placebo Effect Health And Social Care Essay

Arguments Of Placebo Effect Health And Social Cargon EssayThe placebo nitty-gritty may be described as a phenomenon where the symptom of a long-suffering may be modified by in workive give-and-take. Essentially the persevering has been seen to receive some manakin of treatment that he or she believes leave behind work. This is a psychological response that give the gate reduce stress and panic thereby leaving the bodys true immune arrangement with an improved chance of working. Placebos are not a cure but merely help to place the patient in a much relaxed and undetermined state for treatment. In this regard all medicines essentially provide what is known as the placebo effect. In general terms the placebo has a positive impact if managed by physicians in a proper and responsible way. This is because stress and anxiety are known to affect the body in an adverse manner and possibly take form the symptoms worse.Researchers hold up found that large dummy placebo pills that are coloured seem to work a to a greater extent positive response from the patients. The important point to accentuate is that the placebo effect is rehearsed in all medicines and whilst some consider it to be a bogus form of treatment, nevertheless, it accomplishes more good than harm. Counter arguments state that the have good generation is purposely misleading and could create more serious conditions. The argument is somewhat flawed as very rarely is it ever utilize as a standalone form of treatment but more a precursor to getting a patient stabilized in a relaxed and more receptive state in order to receive proper health check attention.The arguments of the placebo effectThose arguing against the use of the placebos normally present the following arguments 1 Introduction of the Nocebo effect whereby patients state that they experience side effects from the in ineffective treatment placebo. In most cases this is restricted to clinical trials where placebos are used to test against objective medicines. 2 The placebo response of a pain reduction may obscure the real disease and lead towards misleading information to the physician and thus return an improper diagnosis of the problem. This can be serious as the wrong contrast of corrective treatment may be prescribed 3 the illusion effect where the patient is led to believe that the bogus remedy may have worked. This in turn may result in an incorrect or wrong course of treatment to deal with the problem.The medical journal The Lancet provided on an article that stated a new analysis of 110 placebo-controlled randomized trials of homeopathy, indicated there is no evidence that homeopathic tablets perform any better than placebos (Goldacre 2006)1. Modern medicine has moved towards better patient relationships keeping the patient informed and moved forward from the old paternalistic placebo doctrine. Most doctors are uncomfortable with dishonesty and perhaps this is one of the key distinctions against that of the homeopathy practitioners.Adam Harrington stated in Hoboken that the placebo is much more ado about nothing the answer is NO because of the powerful therapeutic effects and YES because of the faddish exaggerations about placebo power. (Harrington 1999). The term placebo is Latin and originated from the Catholic vespers for the exanimate and translated means I shall please. They emanate from the early medical practices where medical practitioners were unable to diagnose a specific illness and used a placebo essentially to deal time in order to allow additional medical investigations to take place. It was Arthur Shapiro2who reminded everyone in the 1960s that the physicians themselves were important placebos in their own right i.e. people were console by the fact of having an experienced medical practitioner take control of their medical issues.Positive claims for placebos have been made by Dr. Robert Buchman3and Karl Salsbugh they seem to have effect on almost every sym ptom known to mankind, whereas Arthur Shapiro was much more sceptical stating placebos could have a permanent effect on medical disorders. (Evans 2004) matchless of the most convincing positive arguments for placebos resulted from the work of Dr. Henry Beecher4who was the American anaesthetist who treated US soldiers in a field infirmary in field War 2. In one instance he was treating a soldier with bad injuries and was considering morphine as a pain killer but he was concerned about cardio vascular shock. Instead he put the soldier on saline solution and the result was the patient settled down, he felt up less pain and the reaction was same to morphine. It seemed that salt water could be as effective as morphing considered one of the most powerful painkillers at the attached of the medical practitioners. Beecher later repeated the trick with the same results and after the war returned to Harvard University to continue his research. Similar studies were being carried out at Corn ell University. The subsequent studies carried out by Beecher, gold and lasagne change the way the medical profession viewed placebos and by the mid-1950s doctors were thinking of this as their longer a fraudulent practice. (Evans 2004)Figure Total medicine Concept by ClaridgeThe complementary practitioners of alternative medicines have advocated that mainstream medicine should become more inclusive and doctors need to incorporate some of these methods into the overall approach to healing. The placebo should no longer be considered as a fake treatment but used where it may influence possible positive outcome on patient care. A model developed by Claridge (Peters 2001). In 1970 required a useful insight into close examination of the placebo effect Fig 1 refers. Here he separated the drug out into its very opponents 1 the drug itself color, shape, form, brand and attributes 2 the prescriber attitude, beliefs, competence, and authority. 3 The recipient the psychological side sug gested intelligence, personality etc. 4 selling and clinical side hope, clinic, hospital physical settings. Hence the doors former placebo is that so these items without the pharm logical presence of the drug. The judgment of belief is considered a vital component towards a positive outcome of all forms of medical treatment i.e. Belief in the success of the treatment towards a positive outcome and the expectations in the efficiency of that treatment.Belief lies very central to the persuasive ultimate for the use of placebos. The fact that placebos act on the mind creates an important psychological consideration in their applied use in medicine. Hence more studies in the use of the linkage to the neural system may be appropriate. The US government are taking placebos more seriously and recently the US diet and Drug Agency requires that all new drugs undergo a double-blind, placebo control trial. (Edin 2010). These testing different patient responses to the new drug with the contro lled drug or placebo. aesculapian practitioners have stated that the placebo effect has already made significant contributions in the treatment of ulcers, postoperative pain, seasickness, headaches, colds, arthritis and hypertension. In the treatment of depression statistics have illustrated as high-pitched as 70% of relief has been achieved by the use of placebos. This would suggest that a lot more is going on here than pure deception. The belief concept may well influence the chemical releases within the body that are controlled by functions of the brain. Tests with depressive patients were conducted by doctors using brain scans and where there was an expectation by the patient that the condition would improve there was a marked increase in biological changes to the brain. Hence the biological stimulation of the brain is strongly linked to the military strength of placebos. People who have been suffering postoperative pain have reported considerable improvement in pain reductio n after a elemental saline injection. These analgesic effects suggests suggest some form of reception by the brain this has been referred to as activation of the endogenous pain-relief system of the brain (Connors W 2007). The brain itself manufactures morphine like substances called endorphins the brain can trigger or send these to those parts of the body experiencing pain. Hence placebos may be able to stimulate this part of the brain in order to enhance that stimulation process.Placebo affects are not limited purely too chemical or drug treatments, they have also been included in both surgery and physiological therapies. A summary of the many literature works on placebos leads towards a number of previous conclusions- 1 A significant number of patient show a therapeutic response from the administration of a placebo 2 There seems to be no uniform practice that sets itself out as a prescribed means of treatment in this area 3 It appears that any object with therapeutic intent ca n invoke similar circumstances 4 The mechanism of the effects remains relatively unknown and the conditions in which it operates are unclear. (Wickramsehera 1988)CONCLUSIONSThe advantage that supports the use of placebos are essentially threefold 1 the mind over matter concept whereby the placebo acts as an assist to the bodys natural defence mechanism 2 the provision of a psychological boost or stimulus to the brain which may prove to be an important contribution to the overall recovery of the patient 3 A support to the central concept of belief which is known to be a major contributing factor towards recovery.The main disadvantages might be summarised as 1 In the area of chronic pain the patient may show an agile spontaneous improvement and as such give cause to a false diagnosis of the problem 2 The element of deception may provide the patient with false hope or expectations and give rise to medical ethical considerations 3 The patient may provide the Doctor with erroneous info rmation believing that the placebo has heady the problem. This loses valuable time in the determination of the correct prognosis and could prove serious in certain cases.There is also the strong argument that placebos can become habit forming. One example being the use of valium for strong headaches. These may essentially provide temporary relief but they are certainly not an ongoing solution. It is the unsettling notion that people are getting medical treatment from unqualified practitioners. The concept of non-medically trained people prescribing any form of placebo implies that the patient is ill and as such this can be a powerful message to the patient. The action of medication is not just controlled by the drug companies as the pharmaceutical companies have to undergo extensive clinical trials before they can release a product to the market place.A lot of the tilt with the applied use of placebos is around the use of these in clinical trials. Many consider that the use of the se is unethical but it raises the question as to whether the trials could be prosperous without them Arguments against the use of placebo groups in clinical trials have been based on opinion rather than evidence. Ethical issues have been raised, but these are contentious. (Martin Tramer 1998). The ethical consideration will continue to be debated in the medical profession but the continued use in clinical trials is likely to proceed at least for the predictable future In clinical settings where no gold standard treatment exists and where event rates vary widely, trial designs without placebo controls are unlikely to yield sensitive results (Martin Tramer 1998).The concept of Doctors saying the placebo is a nuisance variable has equally been contested by the medical profession There has been sharp disagreement on this point, ascribable to the fact that medical literature includes a great deal of testimony that the placebo effect routinely works 30 percent of the time, with Dr. H erbert Benson of Harvard stating that it may work up to 90 percent of the time. (World Research Foundation 2011).2015

Modeling and Design of Shallow Foundations

Modeling and Design of shoal intromissionsOverview Construction of body structures shams telescope up of human foot which is the lowest trip of a building or a bridge and which transmits pitch to chthonianlying skank. in that respect ar two classes of radixs, these ar shoal and deep unrivaleds. The major subject of the paper is ruleling and externalize of shallow triggers. A shallow foundation is a footing planned to take a shape of rectangle or squ atomic number 18 which delivers editorials, other structures and walls. As per the preparedness of civil engineering, a foundation is considered to be shallow when it is less than six feet in depth or when its depth equals its width.According to Paolocci (1997), a foundation supports the weight or ladle of every build upion work such as building, bridges and roads. The design accustomd to model a foundation depends on the suit of deformity, load of the building, materials employd and the purpose of the const ruction, (p.564). Modeling and design of shallow foundations acknowledges the techniques and requirements of civil engineering that must be put in place while setting up a foundation.1 There are various imagesetters cases of shallow foundation such as mat-slab, spread footing and slab- on grade. Spread footing foundation is mostly used in construction of commercial structures and basements. This type of shallow foundation includes strips of cover that help in transfer of wall or column loads to have it offrock. Several cyphers control spread footing such as penetration that results due to skilful surface layers, leading to changed volume because of shrink, swell or frost heave. Mat-slab foundations are used in the distribution of heavy walls or column loads constructed across the whole building and help to reduce insistency created from construction materials. This type of shallow foundation is constructed at a close range with ground surface or in construction of lower par t of basements. Mat-slab foundations can excessively be used in construction of higher(prenominal) rise buildings where the foundation is thick and requires extensive reinforcement to ensure that on that demonstrate is equivalent transfer of load. A nonher type of shallow foundation is slab-on- grade that is used in structural engineering for structures formed from mold set ground. This foundation is imposing by a concrete slab placed in the mold, thus creating no space amid the structure and bed rock. Slab-on-grade is common in construction whole works found in warmer climate where there is no need for heat ducting, ground freezing and thawing. The advantages of using this form of shallow foundation is that it is cheap, portly and less vulnerable to insects, such as termites for example.In their argument, Zeng Steadman (1998) turn expose formulated that shallow foundations are commonly used in structural constructions through the coat of various models and designs. Th is creates an environment for providing strong construction work that lasts for a long period of sentence, (p.247). Other forms of foundations such as deep, piles, caissons and piers are mainly used to assemble strong foundation for prime structures.2 The provisions of civil engineering do not provide overwhelming constructions that are threat to human life and the environment. The use of shallow foundations has advantages and disadvantages.Advantages of shallow foundations are that* It is cost effective hence affordable* There is no need of experts to provide labor for shallow foundations* Materials used are concrete and easily available.* The construction procedure is simple.Disadvantages of using shallow foundation* Limitation energy is demesne structure* Foundation is always subjected to torsion, moment and disengagement* Settlement is a major problem* The ground surface is roundtimes irregular making the structures sloppy.When conniving a shallow foundation, there are tw o common aspects that must be considered. Firstly, the oblige on applied foundation should not be more than the charge capacity of the accompaniment district. Secondly, foundation resoluteness should not be excessed due to the impact of pressure on applied foundation.Chapter 1 The modes of hardship depending on territory type, foundation size and depth. There are only three specific modes of earth failure associated with dishonor type, foundation size and depth. These include general snip failure, local shear failure and punching shear failure.General shear failure It is a mode of failure in which eventual(prenominal) qualification of nation is associated with the good surface of sliding before the entire structure underlying soil is affected by excessive movement. This mode of failure depending on soil type, foundation size and depth is commonly encountered in stiff trunks and sand soil that is in dense underlying shallow foundation. When the load of the structure is accessiond, the foundation pressure on the shallow foundation increases.3 Foundation settlement also increases with increased pressure until final bursting charge capacity is reached.Sudden foundation settlement increase is immediately noticed when posture capacity has been reached. This is an indication of loss in support of the shallow foundation leading to failure of foundation. Another impact of general shear failure mode is the inability of the foundation to maintain applied pressure. This is also accompanied by failure surface that is a threat to structural construction, (Le Pape Sieffert, p.1404). Generally, in shear failure mode, there is always a difference between applied pressure and foundation settlement that corresponds to last bearing capacity.Local shear failure This mode of failure is encountered in sand soil that is medium dense and medium stiff mud type of soils. Local shear failure is characterized by absence of clean-cut peak in pressure against foundati on settlement. Determination of bearing capacity in local shear failure is based on excessive foundation settlement. Local shear failure is associated with progressive failure surface that extends to ground surface once bearing capacity has been reached.4 In addition, it is a failure with last shearing military strength of soil that is usually mobilized locally along with the potential surface of sliding. This happens at a time when the structure supported by soil is affected by rapid movement.Punching shear failure This mode of failure usually occurs in loose sands and soft clays types of soil. It is accompanied by a surface that is triangular in shape and is directly under shallow foundation. One major characteristic of punching shear failure is the lack of distinctive ultimate bearing capacity. Ultimate bearing capacity in punching shear failure is considered to be the pressure that corresponds with excess foundation settlement. It involves failure of reinforced concrete slab t hat have been subjected to high local forces especially in flat slab structures and usually happens at column support points.In their research project, Nova and Montrasio (1997) have leavened that the strength of the concrete is influenced by intermediate principal shear filtratees and normal stresses. Hydrostatic pressure is also another factor that influences the strength of concrete, (p.50). A concrete consists of several layers that makes it to be strong and reinforcing steel is used to strengthen the slab. In material modeling, concrete is considered as isotropic material until a point when cracking happens. Once the concrete is cracked, it incorporates tension, reduces shear stiffness and stiffening. This helps to establish strong concrete that is necessary for shallow foundations.Chapter 2 Using the right type of foundation on the right soil. The type of soil on which a foundation is to be accomplished contributes to the strength of structures constructed. However, to get the right type of soil that supports strong foundation is the major take exception faced by civil engineers. One important item that civil engineers need to put into consideration is establishment of a strong structural foundation. There are different types of building foundations such as raft, piling and footing that are considered when setting up a structure. It is necessary to check the condition of soil before putting up a structure. This helps to provide a strong surface that supports the load of the walls and roof.5 The condition of soil is through with(p) through soil investigations carried out by soil engineers who provide a report that is used by architects to determine the type of foundation to be used in a contingent area. The soil engineer has the capacity to establish settlement characteristics of soil, depth to ground wet and the necessary measures needed to upgrade a given site to the standardized code. Two common factors should be put in place when determining t he quality, substance and type of soil. It is important to establish virgin and fill type of soil that helps to determine how the right foundation is used on the best quality soil. A virgin soil is a type of soil that has never been nauseated and it is the best to set up building foundation. This is due to its compatibility and texture that is able to hold heavy weight of buildings and other structures. Fill type of soil also known as sandy loam on the other hand, message a piece of land that has been refilled and thereafter used as an area for construction. This type of soil is not best because in most cases, it is always loose and needs to be compacted for it to withstand applied pressure.6 To convert fill soil into useful state, it requires the industry of engineering knowledge which is very expensive. According to Pool (1997), the right type of foundation that is used on the right soil is the major important section that should be put into consideration before construction w ork starts. The right type of foundation, whether shallow or deep, depends on the type of soil in a given construction site, (p.35). Builders are advised not to set up structures in an area that is covered by expansive clays and if it becomes inevi circuit card to construct structure, clay soil must be removed. The right foundation is also used to give builders the capacity to determine areas that are prone to earthquakes and land slides. This is because areas subjected to natural catastrophes comparable earthquakes have poor quality soils and hence builders should consider the type of foundation to be used.7 The type of soil is used to determine the type of foundation to be used in structural construction. For instance, clay type of soil is considered to expand during wet season and contract during dry period hence it is not recommended to be used on shallow foundation. The reason of a problem is because the active zone of expansive clay is always near the surface. Sandy loam soil does not change with moisture content or temperature and soil engineers recommend this type of soil. It is in a position to support slab foundation and applied pressure, but the major challenge is soil erosion. This happens when there is heavy rainfall that erodes the foundation and this calls for slab jacking that aims at repairing the slab to avoid further damage. The right foundation is only constructed through evaluation of the type of soil in relation to moisture content and impact of temperature change. A good foundation should be set up to reach the bedrock for honorable support of the structure load and applied pressure. When the foundation is built to underlie the bedrock, soil erosion is reduced and shifting effect of the soil is also cancelled. A foundation that is built on a mixture of different types of soil is prone to serious damage that results from different ways upon which soil reacts. To resolve the secrete of soil from reacting differently, soil engineers reco mmend that builders should replace weak soil with more strong textural soils.8 For instance, in a construction site that has part of clay and sand, the clay soil is potentially replaced with sand soil. This yields uniform soil consistency that helps to support the right type of foundation.In a case where a building or any other structure is constructed to underlie soil type with various conditions, the structures are deemed to move in different ways. For instance, in a case when one half of the foundation is built on expansive clay and the other is on fill, the amount of movement varies from one half to the other. In other instances, the foundation system may not be knowing in a proper way, this results to differential movement that causes damage to structure and foundation. Therefore it becomes easy to establish the type of soil by considering the site upon which foundation is built. When the foundation is shallow, the type of soil is considered to be the best and on the other han d, deep foundation is established on soils that are of poor quality, (p.Gazetas, 1991, p.39). Therefore, the right foundation is used to determine the right type of soil to support structural constructions. Chapter 3 Water table take and bearing capacity Bearing capacity refers to the maximum value of pressure that the foundation on which a structure stands can support. The depth of a foundation is dependent on the type of the soil under which the foundation stands. A good foundation has the capacity to transmit the load of a structure evenly below the ground surface. However, the ground surface is greatly influenced by the depth of the piss table. In construction and design, urine table represents the surface that separates between saturated and unsaturated groundwater zones. Depending on the depth of the bed rock, the water table may be high or low, (Carpenter, 2001, p.27). In some areas, the depth of water table keeps on shifting depending on the seasons of rain. When the rain fall is high, say during spring, water table rises nearer to the surface while on the other hand travel considerably to lower grounds during the summer.The depth of water table at any given time affects the modeling design, especially in the case of the shallow foundations. In all cases, the ultimate depth to which one can put utilization of underground space is dependent on the depth of the water table. In design, we have witnessed cases where the distance from the ground of the foot of foundation slab shifts above the water table. This has led to rejections of such plans by relevant safety authorities due to the match of the resultant catastrophes that can emanate from unforeseen deformations on the surrounding soil due to the added weight.9 When constructing structure with shallow foundations in places where water table is high, the preliminary plans involve dewatering of the grounds beneath using trenches so as to construct a firm foundation that will support the weight of the structure adequately. To avoid any problems in the soil supporting structure, most designs in these cases propose installation of a wall in the ground which stands over the overall breadth of the water table horizon. This acts as an enclosing structure that collects the accumulating water. This water can be directed to a draining system or a reservoir (Le Pape, Sieffert, p.1379). The side by side(p) step is to develop a design for draining the accumulated water. In most cases, room decorators apply the methods of well-point-filter by use of submersible pumps and needle-filters for deeper foundations.For shallow foundations like in our case, the most applicable method for draining water from building trenches is the use of an open end discharge system. The selection of a proper design and analysis of the best way to construct a feasible water collecting reservoir and draining mechanism is very crucial in minimizing the effect of dewatering on the structure. The most important fact or to note is that, after a completion of a structure, the added weight exerts extra pressure on the ground. Since the original water ooze from the ground was in equilibrium with the atmospheric pressure, the added pressure might lead to more seepage of water from the ground adjacent to the new structure.10 Presence of groundwater near to the surface may lead to deterioration of material used for construction. In case where steel is to be used for construction, it is wise to know that, the abundance of water and air provides a conducive environment for oxidation and ultimate corrosion of the steel.In eventuality where there are salts in the ground water, the rusting passage would still be accelerated hence reducing the life of a structure. Salts, especially compounds of sulfur, are known to attack compound of cement used to construct cement structures. Attack on cement may lead to disintegration and weakening of a foundation structure. To reduce such adverse effects, a designer is always advised to provide some protection on the reinforcing system or ensure that there is use of high grade of cement, a high cement ratio in mixing which is well compacted during the layering stage, (Rhoden, Gordon, 2000, p.43). It is possible that any foundation of a structure may be at one time of their life get to an exposure to a swampy condition due to a rise on water table or seasonal flooding. In this respect, presence of high water table levels greatly influences the ultimate bearing capacity of a building. Water is seen to influence the internal influence between soil particles. For shallow foundations, the negative effects of high water table on the added pressure to the soil can be compensated by ensuring that the foundation is all-encompassing enough to distribute the resultant force evenly on the ground. The influence of water table on the bearing capacity of a structure is reduced. The score scenario arises when the soil supporting a structure becomes completely s aturated.When the level of water table is considered to be directly at the base of a foundation in comparison to the slip lines, the water table influences the stability lines by extending them deeper in lateral direction.Chapter 4 The Effect of Bearing Capacity Pacheco and his colleagues (2008) have formulated that the bearing capacity of shallow foundations is determined by the way it is designed to take on the load. In order to determine the bearing capacity, various figurings are done to acquire the inclination, (234). Shallow foundations have to be designed in such a way to be able to take care of inclined load action. The formula used in determining the design structure considers the admissible velocity as well the seismic coefficient. Seismic coefficient takes care of the seismic movement. Shallow foundations permeate a certain admissible velocity.11 Most of the formulas applied in bearing capacity take care of load inclination influence. The occurrence of earthquakes has sh own weaknesses to some of the formulas applied in bearing capacity. The scale of foundation has been a major effect of bearing capacity. The starchlike soils found in areas where shallow foundations are displace have certain effects. The effects of bearing capacity of shallow foundations are caused by the progressive failure which might be influenced by the soil type. The granular soils acquire the behavior of non analog strength. Its strength is not uniformly distributed. Granular soils acquire the property of progressive failure. The non linear strength of granular soils can be determined by the relationship strength-dilatancy. This relationship gives the dilatancy index which is used to describe the bearing capacity. The dilatancy index is determined by considering the progressive failure. These parameters are considered in designing shallow foundations since they determine their strength. In order to design shallow foundations to take the required load, data is collected for t he performance of others foundations. This enables the ability to include all strength parameters which take care of shear forces. According to Cremer, Pecker Devenne (2001), shallow foundations are normally affected by ground shakiness which causes some weaknesses in the designed structure. Grounding shaking may occur as a result of various phenomena such as earthquakes, (p.1266). quakes occur as a result of adjustments in the earths crust. Shallow foundations are affected by ground shaking in several ways. Earthquakes lead to re-arrangement of pore pressures. These pore pressures determine the ground strength. Ground failure occurs when these pores are in redistribution affecting the distribution of shear forces. Granular soils are not highly affected by this effect. They offer resistance to the distribution of pressure pores. The process of consolidation which involves cohesive soils may take a couple of years. This process may include indulgence of surplus pore pressures. Gro und shaking may trigger inertial forces. The failure mechanism can be influenced by the inertial forces caused by earthquakes. Inertial forces cause a failure mode defined by overturning forces. Sliding resistance is affected by the inertial forces triggered by ground shaking. The sliding resistance determines the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This is because any slight movement affects the strength of the inclination slope. The inclination slope is designed considering various forces such as shear. Many of the designs do not take have-to doe with of the effects of earthquakes. This has been a contributing factor to failure of shallow foundations. Another way in which earthquakes affect shallow foundation is cyclic degradation. Soil strength can be affected by cyclic degradation which contributes to the formation of surplus pore pressures. Plastification is also one of the parameters related to cyclic degradation. These orientations lead to bearing capacity failure. Som e of the failure modes contributed by cyclic degradation include rotational failures. The shear strength of soil may be lost through the process known as liquefaction.12 The shear stiffness of soil determines the holding capacity of shallow foundations. A foundation is normally supported by soil on all sides and also beneath. This means that any change in shear stiffness of soil affects the foundations. Yield design theory is used in determining the symmetry of foundations. The bearing capacity of foundations with axial symmetry is calculated using this theory. The thickness and the rigidity of the wall determine the carrying capacity. The bearing capacity depends on the type of footings, (Reese, Isenhower Wang, (2005, p.41). The various types of footing include axial footings, inclined footings, horizontal footings and circular footings amongst other types. The diameter of shallow foundations also affects the bearing capacity. The effect of bearing capacity depends on the type of footing. The bearing capacity of circular footing is not the same as strip footing. The effects of bearing capacity are also influenced by soil types. The bearing capacity of un-reinforced sand is as the bearing capacity of shallow foundation laid on reinforced sand. The soil particles also affect the bearing capacity. The soil participles influence distribution of pore pressures. The width of the foundation is used in determining the bearing capacity ratio. This means that the bearing capacity is affected by the width of the foundation. Layers of geogrid can be reinforced with sand in order to acquire maximum bearing capacity. In conclusion, the effect of bearing capacity of shallow foundations is influenced by various variables. These include soil types, ground shaking, type of footing, and foundation orientation. Ground shaking occurs as a result earthquakes as these influence the bearing capacity of shallow foundation in several ways. These include change in shear soil stiffness , cyclic degradation and liquefaction amongst other ways.Chapter 5 Calculations of shallow foundation settlementsIn construction theory, designers use equations to calculate the foundation settlements and the resultant rates of deformations on the bed soil under the pressure of the structure. The performance of bed calculations follows under two curb states. First is the state of performance and the second limiting state is the state of safety. In the second state, a predicted finite deformation is not supposed to exceed those established in the condition under which structures and other buildings are only meant to support normal habitation.13 This state is in most times used as the basic criteria to measure the safety of a structure. In cases of bed calculations, an extra simpleness is included under which the average pressure exerted by the structure on the ground is not supposed to be greater than the computed value of resistance of the supporting soil to the pressure exerted o n it. A common resolution has been that, in order to raise the limit of safety by 20%, the calculated limiting deformations should be less than 40% of the limiting values.14 This occurrence is explainable by use of the facts that acknowledge the presence of patches which experience plastic deformation.These regions develop with the progressive increase in the loading. Such developments form beneath the edges of foundations until a point where the linear relationship between the load from the structure and resistance from the ground beneath it fails. This linear union between the load and resistance stands in the situation of application of elasticity theory. According to Hooks integrity of deformation of linearly elastic material, stress (load) and strain (resistance) are applied. Application of layer by layer accumulation of resistance values enables a designer to account for lack of uniformity in soils in reference to deformity across the allowable limits of a compressible soil l ayer. Designers also apply other engineering methods of settlement computation. When we apply the law relating to stress and strain for a given constant thickness that is compressible, the increase in settlement becomes proportional to the increase in the loading, (Grimes, et al, 2006, p.681). Beyond a point of limit, the settlement tends to increase more rapidly than the load. The formation of regions with plastic deformations increases the rate of accumulation of settlement with increase in loading. This leads to the exhaustion of fatigue of the supporting bed hence interfering with its bearing capacity. Further loading from the structure becomes absolutely impossible as the soil or ground have reached its deformation level from the shear strains in it. Computations have gone further to prove that, by limiting pressure or structural load to the level of resistance, predictable settlements are maintained at lower levels than their limiting values. The extra allowable loading is lef t to cater for any eventuality of inadvertent loading.In Calculation, the derivation of the ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation is based on soil constraints which include the soil strength, the shear strength and the weight per unit mass. Other factors considered include the shape, size and depth. In 1943, Tengazi developed a formula to define the ultimate bearing capacity of a narrow piece footing using three-term aspect by use of bearing capacity factors of Nc, Nq, and Ng all of which have a relation to the friction angle (f) qf =c.Nc +qo.Nq + g.B .NgWhere c= apparent cohesion intercept, qo = the harvest-feast of the density and depth D = the depth of the foundation B = the breadth of the foundationg = the unit weight of the soil removed from the soil at the time of creating the foundation.In the case of a drained loading, the calculations are based on the effective stresses where the value of (f) is 0 and Nc, Nq Ng are all 0. eyepatch in reference to swampy regions, th e swampy strength resulting from shear (su) Nq = 1.0 and Ng = 0 in relation to cumulative stresses.15The Skemptons equation employed in calculation of the bearing capacity for swampy or undrained areas for example swampy soils is qf = su .Ncu + qoWhere the Ncu = the Skemptons bearing capacity factor, which is obtainable from a chart. Otherwise the Skemptons bearing capacity factor can be derived by use of the following expression. Ncu = Nc.sc.dc In this equation, the value sc represents the shape factor while the dc is the depth factor. Nq = 1, Ng = 0, Nc = 5.14Where sc = 1 + 0.2 (B/L) for Bdc = 1+ (0.053 D/B ) for D/B In the same respect, the bearing capacity factor for drained, or soils with a deep water table. The following equation was developed for a long narrow piece footing. qf =c.Nc +qo.Nq + g.B .NgHowever this equation gains applicability only on the use of shallow footings exposed to vertical non eccentric loads.In case of rectangular and circular foundations, shape factor is considered. qf = c .Nc .sc + qo .Nq .sq + g .B .Ng .sgAdditional factors can be used to give allowance for depth, distributed loading, inclined loading and the slope of the ground. In actual fact, depth of a structure is only significant if it exceeds the breadth of the structure.16The following equation is used to calculate the bearing capacity factor.When considering the depth factor the following equation is applied. qf = c.Nc.dc + qo.Nq.dq + B.gNg.dgfor DBdc = 1 + 0.4 arc tan(D/B)dq = 1 + 2 tan(f(1-sinf) arctan(B/D)dg = 1.0for D=dc = 1 + 0.4(D/B)dq = 1 + 2 tan(f(1-sinf) (B/D)dg = 1.0In case of an inclusion of safety factor, we employFs is to compute the bearing capacity qa from ultimate bearing pressure qf. The value of Fs is expected to fall between 2.5-3.0.BibliographyCarpenter, T. (2001). Environmental, Construction and Sustainable Development-Vol.1. juvenile York John Wiley SonsCremer C., Pecker A., Davenne L. (2001). Cyclic macro-element for soil-structure interacti on material and geometrical non-linearities, International Journal for mathematical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,Vol. 25 1257-1284.Gazetas G. (1991). Foundations vibrations, Foundation plan Handbook, 2nd ed., Van nostran Reinhold.Grimes, D., et al. (2006). Civil Engineering Education in a Visualization Environment Experiences with Vizclass. Journal of Engineering Education, Vol.95, pp.675-690Le Pape Y., Sieffert J.P. (2001). Application of thermodynamics to the global modeling of shallow foundations on frictional material. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol. 25, pp. 1377-1408.Negro P., Paolucci R., Pedretti S., Faccioli E. (2000). Large-scale soil-structure interaction experiments on sand under cyclic loading, Proc. 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.Nova R., Montrasio L. (1991). Settlements of shallow foundations on sand, Gotechnique, Vol. 41, 2, pp. 243 256.Nova R., Montrasio L. (1997). S ettlements of shallow foundations on sand geometrical effects, Gotechnique, Vol. 47, 1, pp. 46 60.Pacheco, M., Danziger, F. Pinto, C. (2008). Design of Shallow Foundations under Tensile Loading for Transmission Line Towers An Overview. Engineering Geology, Vol.101, pp.226-235Paolucci R. (1997). Simplified evaluation of earthquake induced permanent displacements of shallow foundations, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 563-579.Pool, R. (1997). Beyond Engineering How Society Shapes Technology. Oxford Oxford University PressPriestley M.J.N., Kowalsky M.J. (2000). Direct Displacement-Based Design of concrete buildings, Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 33, pp. 421-444.Reese, L., Isenhower, W. Wang, S. (2005). Analysis and Design of Shallow and Deep Foundations. New York John Wiley SonsRhoden, C. Gordon, C. (2000). Studying

Study on the Outcome of Damage Control Surgery

Study on the Outcome of Damage wangle mathematical operationA RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE OUTCOME OF DAMAGE CONTROL procedure IN SPMC FROM YEAR 2005 TO 2010. A RETROSPECTIVE STUDYSubmitted byChris George C. Pales, MDCo-AuthorBenedict Edward P. Valdez, MDINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS THE TOPIC ALL ABOUT?The tralatitious approach to combat injury c are is surgical exploration with definitive repair of all injuries. This approach is successful when there is limited number of injuries. These are usually performed in patients with un motionless conditions such as profound hemorrhagic shock which known to affect the over-all survival of the patient. Prolonged operative times and resolved bleeding lead to the lethal triad of coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia, resulting in a mortality of about 90%.The Three stages of monetary value writerization are as followsControl of hemorrhage and contamination. Also known as bail-out cognitive process is the first stage. It is a life-saving procedure s and is rapidly performed by the surgeon. The main goal this time is to restrict blood injustice and minimizing contamination. It includes control of hemorrhage from bleeding major vessels and solid organs through packing of abdomen, deviation from intestinal anastomosis and temporary closure of abdomen.Resuscitation Once control of hemorrhage is achieved, patient is now transferred to ICU for correction of any derangement. Rewarming of the patient to avoid hypothermia, correction of blood loss, hydration and stabilization of BP, and avoiding coagulopathy.Reoperation. One patient has been stabilized, especially deep down 24-48 hours, definite procedure get out be done at operating room.WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC?Damage control surgery is relatively new technique, about 20 years old. It is well recognized that trauma patients especially those with profound shock has a higher chance to die unessential to intra-operative metabolic failure than from the trauma itself.T he analogy of damage control surgery is to stop all haemorrhage and gastrointestinal spillage as quickly as possible while patient is having unstable vital signs at the operating room. It is coined from a U.S. Navy technique which is the capacity of a ship to absorb damage and maintain mission integrity.Speed of decision and surgery in severely injured trauma patients is the key to avoid death to patient. The well recognized essence of hypovolemic, hypothermic patient is what we call the lethal triad. It comprises the vicious cycle of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. It is a viscous cycle that is very lethal if not recognized and controlled immediately.Patient who is stable with acceptable laboratory results, good ventilator response, non-hypothermic, are then returned to the operating for the definitive operation. (figure 1). Bowel anastomoses and colostomy maturation, definitive vascular repair, removal of hemostatic packing, and closure of abdominal fascia where is done .Figure 1.The documented mortality for the damage control approximately 50% with a documented morbidity of approximately 40% as summarized in the following table.WHAT IS NOT YET KNOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC?With the advent of modern technology and numerous studies, what is the outcome of patients undergoing Damage control surgery in SPMC from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2010.WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY?This study will give us data on the effectiveness of Damage Control Surgery done at SPMC from January 1, 2005 December 31, 2010. It will give the surgeons the data of factors that determine the outcome of damage control surgery, thus giving ways of improving healthcare management to patients.WHAT willing THIS STUDY DO?General aimThe study aims to determine the outcome of damage control surgery done in SPMC from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2010Specific ObjectiveTo describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients who underwent damage control surgeryTo determine th e number of patients who underwent definitive surgicalprocedure after damage control surgery3. To determine the mortality rate of patients who underwent undergoing damage control surgery in SPMC from January 1, 2005 to December 2010.4. To determine the factors that affects the outcome of patients undergoing damage control surgery in SPMC from January 1, 2005 to December 2010 in terms of nature of injury, time of operation from injury and pre-operative vital signs.Patients Demographic ProfileDescribe the trauma patients harmonize to the following variablesSociodemographic characteristicsAgeSexClinical characteristicsPre-operative vital signsAssociated InjuriesGCS scoreOrgans InvolvedCo-morbiditiesDetermine the interventions and clinical outcome of patientsDuration of OperationOperations performeddeathrate rateRe-operation performedDispositionFigure 1. Conceptual FrameworkMETHODOLOGYGeneral DesignThe study employed is a retrospective, descriptive study design. Chart follow of all pat ients who underwent damage control surgery during January 1, 2005 to 2010 will be done by the author with the permission of the medical records section and the hospital research committee. positionThe study will be will be conducted at Southern Philippines medical exam piazza, a tertiary hospital in Davao City in June 2013.PARTICIPANTS comprehension CRITERIAThis study will include all patients admitted and underwent Damage control surgery at Southern Philippines Medical center in 2005-2010. Damage control surgery includes resection of major injuries to the gastrointestinal tract without re-anastomosis control of hemorrhage through peri-hepatic packing and temporary closure of abdomen and use of an alternate closure of a cervical incision, thoracotomy, laparotomy, or site of exploration of an extremity.EXLCLUSION CRITERIANoneSAMPLING PROCEDURESThe study subjects (target population) of this research are the patients admitted and underwent Damage control surgery at Southern Philippin es Medical Center in 2005-2010.RandomizationNoneDATA GATHERINGDependent VariableNumber of Damage Control Surgery from 2005-2010Main outcome measures and other reliant variablesNumber of patients who expired and number of patients survived.Independent VariablesAge and SexNature of injuryTime of intervention from time of injuryPre-Operative vital signsGlasgow coma cuticleOrgans involvedDuration of OperationAvailability of BloodInterventionsNoneData Handling and AnalysisAll data will be computed as to the mortality rate by computing the number of patients who expired to the total number of patients who underwent Damage control surgery.Furthermore, determination of mortality will be computed by computing the ratio of mortality as of Age and Sex, Nature of injury, Time of operation from injury and Pre-op vital signs, Duration of Operation, Availability of blood, Organs involved.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS morality ReviewThe proponent of the study will secure an approval from the Cluster Eth ics Research Committee of The Southern Philippines Medical Center prior to doing the research. A similar approval is also secured from the part of Surgery of the same institution with the approval of a consultant in-charge.PrivacyNo phone calls or plaza visits as follow up to participants.ConfidentialityThe detectives will not disclose the identities of the patients at any time. The data obtained during the study will be under the Department of Surgery of Southern Philippines Medical Center and will be kept in confidentiality.Extent of Use of Study DataThe data collected by the researcher will only be used to answer the objectives of stated in the protocol. Data will be available to others as a finished paper. typography and ContributorshipThe main proponent of the study is the main author and researcher of the study. Consultant guidance and support will be provided Dr. Benedict Valdez, head of Section of Trauma, Department of Surgery, SPMC. He is the co-author who will aide in t he study design. A professional statistician will help in the study write-up and data analysis. The author and co-author gives consent to use the data collected for further research.Conflicts of InterestThe main proponent and the co-authors declare no conflict of interest.PublicationThe research will be submitted for national and international publication groups and may be chosen for publication. In all portions in the paper, the author and co-authors will be duly acknowledged. keepThe main proponent of the study is using personal funds to conduct the study. Funding of the braces will depend on the patients and their guardians.REFERRENCESSchwartz book of Surgery eighth Edition by F. Charles BrunicardiTrauma, Fifth Edition by David Feliciano, MDA logical approach to trauma Damage control surgery Shibajyoti Ghosh, Gargi Banerjee, Susma Banerjee, D. K. ChakrabartiDepartment of Surgery, R. G. Kar Medical college, West Bengal, India.Townsend Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 17th ed., Copyr ight 2004 ElsevierCombat Damage Control Resuscitation Today and Tomorrow Colonel Lorne H. Blackbourne, MDUS Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3400 Rawley E. Chambers Ave. Fort surface-to-air missile Houston, TX 78234USADamage Control Beyond the Limits of the Abdominal Cavity. A ReviewMaeyane S. Moeng, MB, BCh, FCS(SA),1 Jerome A. Loveland, MB, BCh, FCS(SA),2 and Kenneth D. Boffard, BSc(Hons), MB, BCh, FRCS, FRCS(Edin), FRCPS(Glas), FCS(SA), FACS, FCS(SA)Feasibility of Damage Control Surgery in the Management of Military Combat CasualtiesBen Eiseman, MD, Ernest Moore, MD, Daniel Meldrum, MD, Christopher Raeburn MDDUMMY TABLESTABLE 1 Demographics and Clinical Characteristics.TABLE 2 OUTCOMETABLE 3 BUDGETTABLE 4 TIMETABLECURRICULUM VITAEName Chris George C. Pales holler Unit 303, Palmetto Place, Maa road, Davao CityTelephoneCell 09238060856PhoneEmail emailprotected/emailprotectedPersonal InformationDate of Birth April 9, 1983Place of Birth Koronadal City, South CotabatoCitizenship Filipino place MarriedGender MaleEducationElementary Kipalbig Elementary School, Kipalbig, Tampakan, South Cotabato (SY 1990-1996)High School Notre Dame of Marbel University, Koronadal, South Cotabato (SY 1996-2000)Colllege West Visayas State University, Iloilo City (SY 2000-2004)medicament West Visayas State University, Iloilo City (SY 2004-2008)DATA COLLECTION SHEETA RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE OUTCOME OF DAMAGE CONTROL SURGERY IN SPMC FROM YEAR 2005 TO 2010. A RETROSPECTIVE STUDYChris George C. Pales, MD/Benedict Edward P. Valdez, MDHospital AgeSexNATURE OF INJURYStab wound______Gunshot wound______ point-blank Trauma______Penetrating Injuries______VITAL SIGNS ON ADMISSIONBPHRRRTEMPGCS scoreTIME OF ARRIVAL SINCE INJURY_______ Minutes_______ Hours_______ DaysDURATION OF OPERATIONUNITS OF birth TRANSFUSEDINTRA-OP VITAL SIGNSBPCRORGANS INVOLVEDRE-OPERATION DONE FOR DEFINITIVE PROCEDURE?____Yes____NoNUMBER OF HOSPITAL STAYDISPOSITION______DISCHARGED IMPROVED______DIEDCAUSE OF DEATH

Legalizing Concealed Weapons May Deter Crime Essay -- Argumentative Pe

Legalizing Concealed Weapons May Deter CrimeA hidden weapon is a firearm hidden on a person. Thomas Jefferson once wrote that laws that forbid the placeing of arms... disarm only those who are uncomplete inclined nor set(p) to commit detestations. Such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants they serve rather to encourage than to prevent homicides for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater impudence than an armed man(Lee 147). In Florida, 315,000 permits had been issued to citizens for concealed weapons by December 31, 1995. Only five have been revoked because the permit holder committed a violent crime with a gun ( Kopel 129). Many crimes could have been avoided if you could carry a concealed weapon in every state. If the states that do non have right - to - carry concealed guns had adopted the laws in 1992, approximately 1,570 murders 4,177 rapes and over 60,000 aggravated assaults would have been avoided yearly (Kopel 129). Many people wo rry that innocent people or happy police officers would get hurt. The idea that poorly trained, armed people looking to become heroes would make it more dangerous for innocent people. Many law-enforcement organizations say different. They voluntarily issue concealed carry permits to citizens who pass a background checks. The concealed-carry movement is based on the principle that responsible citizens should not expect government to house them with the essentials of life. Providing for the safety of ones self and ones family is first of all a personal duty. In the past five years in Miami, four concealed weapons permits have been revoked for vicious misuses of concealed weapons. Everyone may benefit from concealed-carry reform.... ... Brady, chairman of Handgun Control, said, I dont believe gun owners have rights. Rosie ODonnell said I honestly think-and I am not an expert on the amendments-I think the only people in this nation who should be allowed to own guns are police office rs. I dont care if you want to play I dont care if you think its your right. I say sorry. It is 1999 we have had enough as a nation. You are not allowed to own a gun and if you do own a gun, I think you should go to prison (Lee 149). I believe like Thomas Jefferson did that laws that forbid the carrying of arms, disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes. In the future crime rates might drop, but that does not mean that all violent crime leave alone stop. Carrying a concealed weapon does not guarantee that you will not be a victim, but I think it will help to comfort yourself.

The Effect of Gangs in There Are No Children Here Essay -- There are N

The Effect of Gangs in There Are No Children Here throughout There Are No Children Here, a continuous, powerful tension always lurks in the background. The gangs that are rampant in the housing projects of Chicago cause this tension. In the Henry Horner Homes, according to Kotlowitz, one person is beaten, shot, or stabbed due to gangs every three days. In one week during the authors study of the projects, police confiscated 22 guns and 330 grams of cocaine in Horner alone (Kotlowitz 32). For the children of the projects, the pressure to marijuana cigarette a gang never waivers. Quick cash and protection are hard forces to resist in a world of poverty and violence. However, the childrens role in these gangs is inferior to that of the leaders. At first, the concept of joining is quite attractive. According to Lafeyette, one of the two brothers profiled in the book, When you first join you think its good. Theyll buy you what you want (31). However, You have to do anything they t ell you to do. If they tell you to kill somebody, you have to do that (31). What Lafeyette refers to is frighteningly true. In the inner city, gangs often recruit juvenility children to do their dirty work. Shortly after joining, a fourteen-year-old friend of Lafayettes allegedly shoots and kills an older man in an alley half a block brotherhood of Lafayettes building (31). Acording to Kotlowitz, life in the Henry Horner Homes is controlled to a great extent by gangs, particularly the Conservative iniquity Lords. Residents so fear and respect the Vice Lords control that they refuse to call 911 (34). Snitching can get a resident killed. Even though the Chicago Police Department installed a hot-line number and call off confidentia... ...rime, Social Forces, Vol. 75 No. 2 December 1996, pg. 619-645. Lo, Chun-Nui, A Social Model of Gang Related Violence, Free Inquiry In Creative Sociology, Vol 19 no. 1, May 1991, pg. 36-43. Osgood, Wayne et al., Routine Activities and Deviant Behavior, American Sociological Review, Vol. 61 no. 4, August 1996, pg 635-655. Brantley, Gangs, Vol.63, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, May 1,1994, pp1-8 (Article) Kennedy, Leslie and Stephen Baron, Routine Activities And A Subculture Of Violence A Study Of Violence On The Street, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 30 No. 1, Febuary 1993, pp. 88-112 (Journal) Lo, Chun-Nui (Celia), A Social Model Of Gang-Related Violence, Free Inquiry In Creative Sociology, Vol 19 No 1, May1991, pp. 36-43 (Journal) Shakur, Sanyika, Monster The Autobiography Of An L.A. Gang Member,Penguin Book Ltd., 1993